Broaching machine



Y, Jan. 19, 1943. A. H. HAWLEY. SR., :a1-Al.r 2,308,589v

BROACHING MACHINE Filed May 23, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet l 'Q V 'QQfg'q E b l 54; o im for x ATTORNEY. A

A. H. HAwLEY. sR., Erm. 2,308,689 BRoAcHING MACHINE Filed May 23, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Y 1 i @l W N Wn m .w um .m A. -Q l v NNN l 7 y r ||l||l|| l /l/ f ,I IIII ||l||||||||||| A vm w m QPU w .NM'- muv ...rin A I r\| QM... R n. R. R I 2,-

u. w lll i E1n 5N Nm. Mw. v N r MM Y f l hun ummm@ .wh wm m. IL MNUNH Jan. 19, 1943.

Jan.19,1943. A H- HAWLEY, SR., ET v2,308,689

BROACHING- MACHINE Filed May 23, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Icaza aan. 19, 194e...

A. H. HAWLEY, SR., Erm.

BROACHING MACHINE y ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 19, 1943 UNITED tion of Ohio Application May 23, 1940, Serial Np. 336,806

28 Claims.

This invention relates to machine tools and more particularly to improvements in automatic lbreaching machines.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide an improved automatic single cycle br'oaching machine.

Another object of this invention is to provide improvements in breaching machines which will facilitate work loading operations.

A further object of this invention is to provide improvements in automatic indexible work supports for broaching machines.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention should be readily apparent by reference to the following specification, considered in conjunction with thev accompanying drawings forming a part thereof and it is to be understood that any modifications may be made in the exact structural details there shown and described, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from or exceeding'the spirit of'the invention.

Referring Vto the drawings in which like reference numerals indicate like or similar parts:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of'a broaching machine embodying the principles of this invention.

Figure 2 is a front elevation of. the machine shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged section on the line 3--3 of Figure 2 showing the mechanism for shifting and indexing the work support.

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4 4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a detail section on the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a detail view of one of the control dogs.

Figure '7 is a diagrammatic View of the hydraulic control circuit.v v

Figure 8 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the table locating stops.

Referring to Figures 'l and 2 of the drawings the reference numeral I indicates the column of a breaching machine upon which'is slidably mounted in suitably'forrned guideways a broaching ram I I which is adapted to have a -series of breaching tools attached thereto for movement relative to a work supporting platen or table I2. The ram I! has a cylinder I3 integrally vformed therewith and containing a piston Ill'which is connected by a double tubular piston ro'd I5 to a 'xed part I6 of .the column. By means of this arrangement the cylinder is the moving element and the piston is a fixed element.

The double tubular piston rod makes it possible to conductl iiuid between the inside tube I'I 'and the outside'tube I8 to the space I9 above the piston I 4 through radial holes or passages 2l"drilled in the outside tube I3 adjacent one face of the piston. rIhe inner tube I'I serves to conduct fluid to the space 2I below the piston to effect downward movement of the ram. VThe upper end of the tube Il is connected by a channel 22' to port 23 of a ram controlled valve 24. 'Ihe annular space between the tubes I'I and I3 is connected by a channel 25 to port 26 of valve 24. Thus, by alternately admitting fluid to channels 22 and 25 the breaching ram may be power reciprocated.

The work supporting table I2 is indexibly supported on iiat surfaces 21 of a sub-support or slide 23 and laterally guided by a tapered sleeve i 2'9 which is connected to an upstanding stud 3l! by a key 3l. The tapered sleeve fits in a tapered bore 32 formed in the gear 33 which is fastened to the underside of the table I2 by bolts '39. It will be noted that the taper on the isleeve is in such a direction that it prevents upward movement'of the gear and table.

' 'The sub-support is mounted o n horizontal guideways 35 .as more particularly shown in Figure 4 for movement in a plane at right angles to the plane of movement of the broaching ram.

The table is provided with two work fixtures IZA' and IZB asV shown in Figure l, and the table is indexible whereby one `fixture may be loaded during breaching' of work in the other fixture.

While the broaching ram is at rest at the upper limit of its stroke, the sub-support 28 is advanced to position a work piece in the path of the broaching tools; and after the ram completes a broaching stroke, the sub-support is retracted and the table I2 indexed sequentially. The ram then returns on its idlev stroke.

Automatic means rare provided for advancing and retracting the slide 28 and indexing the table Wherebythe operators duties are reduced to simply loading and unloading the machine and l starting e'ach lai'itomatic cycle.

v'lhe means for advancing the slide comprises a cylinder 36 which, as shown in `Figure 3, lis integral with the-sub-'support 28; and a contained piston 3l which is connected by a double tubularpiston rod '3S tothe knee 3.9 projecting from the column IIJ. Referring tol Figure 7, the piston rod 33 has an 1 inside tube 40 through which fluid is conducted to the forward end l III Vof the cylinder .to advance the .werk support: and .an annular .Space 42 between the inside and outside tube through which fluid is conduc-ted to the other end 43 of the cylinder to retract the work support.

As shown in Figure 3 the piston rod 38 has a lost motion connection indicated at 44 with the xed support 39. In other words, the end of the piston rod is provided with an enlarged head 45 which forms a shoulder 40 for engagement with an abutment 41 when pressure is admitted to the rear end of cylinder 36. This permits the piston 31 to move forward a sufficient distance to rotate the bell crank locking lever 48 out of engagement with the plate 49 attached to the under side of the sub-support 28 after which the pressure increases to retract the sub-support.

On the other hand when pressure is admitted to the forward end 4| of the cylinder, the piston 31 will move in the opposite direction to effect counterclockwise rotation of the bell crank lever 48 until it hits the underside of the slide 28, after which the pressure in chamber 4| builds up to advance the slide 28 to cutting position at which the bell crank will clear and move into locking position. It will be noted that the abutting surfaces 50 of the bell crank and plate are inclined the necessary amount to provide a wedging action.

This wedging action would, of course, be impossible without positive means for limiting the advance of the slide and the table. Such positive means are provided in the form of a pair of fixed abutments 50|, 502, Figure 8, located on the column equal distances on opposite sides of the center of the broaching ram Il; a pair of adjustable stops 503, 504 located on one end of the table, and a second pair of adjustable stops 505 and 508 located on the other end of the table. These stops are spaced equal distances on opposite sides of a predetermined radius 501 of the table.

This radius may be utilized as a reference line for locating a work xture on the table in such position that the work will be engaged by the broaching tool. The stops will position the table so that this radius will be superimposed on the longitudinal axis 508 of the slide guideways and perpendicular to the plane of reciprocation of the broaching tool.

Y The indexing mechanism to be described indexes the table approximately 180 degrees or one-half of a revolution. The indexing mechanism is of such a nature that after the table has been indexed it is still free to move angularly. After the indexing operation a pair of stops will be aligned with the fixed abutments. The indexing mechanism is not intended to be accurate but reliance is placed on the stops engaging the iixed abutments to precisionally locate the table. Thus, one of the stops serves to prevent counterclockwise movement while the other prevents clockwise movement. V'Whichever stop hits rst will cause rotation until'the other stop hits and stops the rotation. Thus, each stop prevents rotation by the other stop, whereby the table is accurately positioned. In addition, since the table and the slide cannot advance any further, the stops also determine the linear position of the table as respects the distance of the work from the broaching tool. The bell crank lever thus serves to wedge the table against these abutments yand clamp the table both angularly and linearly.

`The arm of the bell crank 48 is bifurcated for engagement with slots 52 cut in opposite sides of a block 53 which is integrally attached shifted by hydraulic pressure under control of a pilot valve 64. This pilot valve has a shiftable plunger which has two positions in which it is alternately held by a spring pressed detent ball 86. In this valve is a pressure port 61 which is supplied with pressure through channel 88 from an independent pump 69; and a pair of ports 10 and 1| which are connected by channels 12 and 13 respectively to ports 14 and 15 located on opposite ends of the valve housing 24. In addition, valve 64 has a pair of ports 16 and 11 which are connected to a common return line 18. A central spool 19 is formed on the plunger 65, larger in diameter than the end spools and 8|, whereby the valve becomes self-actuating after it passes a center position. The plunger 65 is provided with a double tapered head 82 which is adapted to be engaged by a trip dog 83 during downward movement of the broaching ram Il which supports the dog, to shift the plunger 65 to the right; and by a second trip dog 84 during upward movement of the ram to shift the plunger to the left. This controls opposite shifting of the ram controlled valve plunger 63.

The plunger 85 of the work support controlled valve 62 is also hydraulically shifted under control of a second pilot valve 80, having an operating plunger 81. The pressure port 88 of this valve is supplied with fluid pressure through a branch 89 of channel 68. A pair of ports 90 and 9|, which are adapted to be alternately connected to the pressure port 88, are connected by channels 92 and 93 to ports 94 and 95 located in opposite ends of the housing 62. The pilot Valve 88 also has a pair of exhaust ports 96 and 91 which are connected by the common channel 98 to the return channel 18. Thus, by oppositely shifting the plunger 81 the ends of the housing 82 may be alternately connected to pressure while the other end is connected to exhaust to effect opposite shifting of the valve plunger 85.

A spring pressed detent 99 serves to hold the plunger 81 in either one of its two positions. When the work support advances to a broaching position, a dog |00 attached to the side of the bell crank 48, as more particularly shown in Figure 6, shifts plunger 81 to the position shown in Figure '1 to effect hydraulic shifting of plunger 85 of control valve 02 and thereby initiate downward movement of the broaching ram.

The slide 28 not only carries the work supporting table l2 but also part of an indexing mechanism therefor. This mechanism is more particularly shown in Figure 5, and comprises an indexing shaft 0| which has a gear I 02 keyed to its upper end in mesh with the table gear 33. The llower end of the shaft |0| has an operating gear |03 supported thereon for free rotation relative to the shaft, the gear being operatively connected to the shaft through a ratchet mechanism whereby upon one direction of rotation of the gear |03 the shaft |0| will be rotated to effect indexing of the table.

The gear |03 a ratchet wheel |04 integrally formed therewith. in is cut a series of ratchet teeth 1G5- A .ratchet |06 iS secured to the shaft l! by a key |61 and Carries a pair of spring-pressed ratchet pluneer The gear |55 intermeshes with rack teeth |09 formed longitudinally on the exterior oi an in.- dexing cylinder H0, This cylinder is guided for movement on a dovetailed guideway |I| which is integral with the knee 3S. The ratchet teeth |05 which are saw-tooth-shaped in section are di.- rectionally arranged s0 as t0 be effective dunne counterclockwise rotation of the ratchet wheel |04 to index the table., which direction of rotation is produced by movement of the cylinder I I0 to the left as viewed in Figure 3. Ratcheting will, therefore, occur during the other direction of cylinder movement.

The cylinder |45 has a contained piston |I2 which is connected by a double tubular piston rod I I3 t@ the knee 35S, the piston being stationary while the cylinder does the moving. To assist in guiding the parts, a secend piston rod H4 is attached to the piston IIZ and extends through the forward end i5 of the cylinder. As shown in Figure 7 the `Vpiston rod ||3 has an inner tube H6 through which fluid is delivered to the forward end |I'l of the cylinder, and an annular tube II8 through which iluid is delivered to the rear end I|9 of the cylinder. The tube ||6 vis connected by channel to port |2| and the annular tube I|8 is connected by channel |22 to port |23, the ports being located in a pilot valve |,2Ll. This pilot valve has a plunger |25 which is held in either one of two positions by a spring-pressed detent |125.

The plunger 2 5 is shifted to the right as viewed in Figure '7 by a dog |26' mounted in a T slot I2`| formed in the underside o f the slide 28-as more particularly shown in Figure 4. The plunger |25 has a pin I 23 supported in one end and held. in an extended position by a spring |29. when the dog |25 engages the end of the pin |28 it will shift the plunger |25. Fluid operable The spring is of sufiicient strength that means are provided for shifting the plunger in the opposite direct-ion, and the spring |29 -is provided so that the plunger |25 may be shifted hydraulically while the dog |26' is still in engage.- ment with the pin |28.

vOn the forward stroke of the slide cylinder 36, I

the index cylinder IIB is caused to lmove substantially simultaneously therewith in the same direction, thus producing no relative movement between the rack |05 and the pinion |53. To

vproduce this movement fluid pressure is admitted 'n to channel 51 which flows to the forward end .of cylinder Effi, and movement of the cylinder causes fluid to be expelled `from the other end of the cylinder into channel 56. A .check valve |30 in channel dii prevents this fluid from returning directly to valve A2 4, thus `causing it to flow through a branch line |3,| to port .|32 of valve |24. When the valve plunger |25 is in the 1105ition shown, the port |32 is connected toport A* I2| by the annular groove |33 whereby the fluid Ycontinues through channel |20 and tube IIS in piston rod H3 to the forward end of cylinder HB. Thus, the exhaust fluid from cylinder 35 is utilized to effect forward movement uof the cylinder 'I'he exhaust uid from the chamber I IQ of cylinder ||0 returns through ,channel |22 and would continue through port |23, annular groove |34 and port |35 of valve |24 to ychannel |36.

channel is a branch 0i channel .51 which ai time is under pressure and therefore a check valve |31v in channel |36 is held closed whereby the fluid is forced through another check valve |38 located in a branch |39 of channel |22.

ter the fluid passes through this check valve it ows through line Mil into channel 55, but on the other side of check valve |35. Thus, the exhaust fluid fromcylinder 36 is in effect bypassed around the check valve |30 to cause advance movement of the index cylinder Ila. Attention is invited to the fact that the quantity of fluid exhausted from cylinder 35 in the manner just described is not sufficient, however, to complete the forward movement of cylinder IIU. This movement is, therefore, completed after the broaching ram has completed its downward or cutting stroke.

The trip dog 83 on the ram slide will trip the pilot valve plunger at the end of the broaching stroke, thereby interconnecting the pressure port 61 with port causing fluid to flow through channel 'i2 and shift the valve plunger 53 to the left. will cause admission of pressure to channel 5S which will fow through check valve |35 to the rear end of cylinder 35, causing return movement of the sub-support. It will be noted that the check valve |38 will prevent the escape of fluid at this time into channel |22. In addition, the fluid will flow through channel |3| and interconnected ports |32 and I2| of pilot valve |24 and channel |25 to the forward end of the index cylinder Iill whereby the index cylinder is caused to complete its forward or ratcheting stroke.

It will be noted that at this time the rack |09 is being moved in one direction -and the intermeshing pinion H13 is being moved in an opposite direction but since this merely produces a ratcheting action the table I2 still remains in the same relative position with respect to the slide 28.

Since the ratcheting cylinder HD is under no load at this time and has a shorter distance to move it will complete its stroke immediately. The pressure will continue to act, however, in the indexing cylinder until the slide has completed its return movement, at which time the trip dog |26'` will engage the pin |28 and shift the pilot valve plunger |25 to the right. This will close port |32 and cause the pressure fiuid in channel 56 to ow through channels I5, |39, and port MI which is now open and .connected to port |23. The fluid pressure will thus continue through channel |22 to the rear chamber |I9 in index cylinder lll causing ret-urn movement thereof and effecting rotation of the shaft |,0I and thereby through the interconnected gearing -|2--33 indexing of the work support I2. The length of movement of the cylinder and the ratio of the motion transmitting connections to the table is such that the table will be indexed substantially i8() degrees. As indexing is completed a dog |42 carried by the cylinder will operate the pilot valve 855 which, in turn, will cause hydraulic shifting of plunger of the table controlled valve 52 resulting in upward move- ,ment of the breaching ram.

As the breaching ram continues on its upward stroke a latch dog |43 positioned on the ram Yengages plunger .I4-,4 of a stop pilot valve |435. This pilot .valve has a pressure port M5 which is connected, upon shifting of plunger |134 to the right by dog |43, to por-t |41.

This por-t is Iconnected by channel .|58 to port |49 located in the end of a stop valve housing |50, This valve has a plunger |I which is shifted to the left by the operator through the medium of the manually operable control lever |52 to start an automatic cycle of the machine. When the pressure uid enters poril |49 it acts on the left end of the plunger |5I, shifting the same to the right and stopping the machine.

This shifting movement is of a sufcient amount to uncover a port |53 whereby the :duid pressure after shifting the plunger will continue through channel |54 to port |55 located in the right hand end of pilot valve |45. This will shift the plunger |44 to the left, closing port |46 and connecting port |41 to an exhaust port |56. This will immediately permit the fluid which shifted the plunger I5| to be released to reservoir and permit immediate manual actuation of the lever |52 if the machine is in condition to start another automatic cycle.

The fluid pressure for operating the broaching ram and the work support cylinders is supplied by a pump |51 which has an intake |58, through which fluid is withdrawn from a reservoir |59, and a delivery channel |56 through which fluid is delivered to ports |6I and |62 of the stop valve.

Included in the channel |60 is an annular groove |53 formed in the body of a relief Valve |64. A cross bore |65 formed in the plunger |66 is always in communication with the groove. The cross bore |55 intersects an axial bore |61 in the open end of which is mounted a small headed plunger |63. A spring |69 holds the plunger parts in the position shown against a xed block |10.

if the pressure in channel |60 rises above the setting of spring |59 the pressure in the axial bore |61 acts to shift the plunger |66 relative to plunger |68, thereby uncovering the annular groove |63 so that a portion of the iluid will escape through an exhaust port I1I. This port is connected by channel means |12 to port |13 which is also formed in the relief valve body. The port |13 is continuously connected by an annular groove |14 formed in a second relief valve plunger to port |16. This port is connected by channel |11 to the reservoir |59. It will thus be evident that the plunger |66 acts as a relief valve for the pump |51.

The plunger |15 acts as a back pressure relief valve to counterbalance the downward movement of the broaching ram. As previously described, the fluid in the upper chamber I9 of cylinder I3 escapes through channel during downward movement of the ram. From this channel the fluid continues through interconnected ports |26 and |18 of valve 24, channel |19, interconnected ports |80 and |8I of valve 62, channel |82, interconnected ports |83 and |84 of stop valve |50 and channel |85 to port |86 of the relief valve- |64. Port |86 communicates with annular groove |81 formed in the valve body and in constant communication with a cross bore |88 in plunger |15. rllhis cross bore intersects an axial bore |89 in the open end of which is mounted a headed plunger |90.

Since a spring I9I normally holds the plunger |15 in a position to prevent escape of fluid from the annular groove |81 it is necessary that sufficient back pressure be produced in channel |85 to effect movement of plunger |15 to the left a sucient distance to uncover the annular groove |81.

When this occurs the uid escapes through port |16 in channel |11 to reservoir |59. Thus, a constant back pressure is maintained in the upper end of cylinder I3 during downward movement of the ram. It also acts to prevent sudden dropping of the ram in case of a failure of uid pressure in the system. Since it is not necessary to provide back pressure during upward movement of the ram the following open path ,to reservoir has been provided from channel 22. This path includes interconnected ports 23 and |92 of valve 24, channel |93, interconnected ports |94 and |95 of valve 62, channel |96, interconnected ports |91 and |98 of stop valve |50 and channel |12 which is connected to reservoir in the manner previously described.

The cycle of operation of the machine will now be described, it being obvious that the starting position of the ram for any given cycle is the same as the stop position of a preceding cycle, which stop position is determined when the latch dog |43 engages the pilot valve plunger |44. In other words, the broaching ram stops during its upward movement a little distance short of its extreme upward position. The slide 28 is in a retracted position with respect to the broaching ram and the indexing movement of the table has been completed. Therefore, when the operator throws the starting lever |52 from its dash and dot stop position |99, as shown in Figure 7, to the running position in which it is shown, the ram will start upward to effect engagement of the reversing dog 82 with the reversing pilot valve plunger 65. When this valve shifts, the broaching ram stops, and the slide advances to cutting position. Completion of this movement will automatically cause downward movement of the broaching ram on a cutting stroke.

The plungers 63 and 85 of Valves 24 and 62 are in a left hand position as viewed in Figure 7, while the. trip plunger 65 is in a right hand position when the machine is started. Therefore, the ram actuating iiuid flows from pressure port |6| of the starting valve |50 through annular groove 200, port 20|, channel 202, interconnected ports 203 and 204 of valve 62, channel 205, interconnected ports 206 and 26 of valve 24, and channel 25 to the upper end of the ram cylinder I3. The exhaust fluid returns through channel 22, interconnected ports 23 and |92 of valve 24, channel |93, interconnected ports |94 and |95 of valve 62, channel |96, interconnected ports |91 and |98 of valve |50, channel |12, interconnected ports |13 and |16 of relief valve |54, and channel |11 to reservoir.

When the reversing dog 84 shifts the pilot valve plunger to the left, pressure port 61 is connected to port 66 to effect shifting of plunger 63 into its right hand position. This effects interconnection of pressure port 206 with port 59 whereby fluid flows through channel 51 to the right hand end of cylinder 36 and simultaneously through branch channel 60 to port 6| of Valve 62. It will be noted that, at this time, port 6I is connected by port I8I, channel 82, and interconnected ports |83 and |84 of stop valve |50 and channel to port |86 of the relief valve. The relief valve spring |9I is set to a lower value than the spring |69, whereby the pump |51 works against a lower pressure during forward movement of the slide.

Attention is also invited to the fact that the shifting of plunger 63 caused the ram to stop because even althoughin the new position ports 23 and 26 are interconnected to ports 201 and |18, the channels 208 and |19 are blocked by spools 204 and 2|0 of plunger 85 in Valve 62.

Thus, the ram stops and the slide advances causing fluid to exhaust from the rear end of cylinder 36 into channel 56.

Since check valve |30 will close, this exhausting fluid will by-pass through channel |3I, interconnected ports |32 and |2I of valve |24 and channel |20 to the right hand end of the index cylinder H1. This cylinder will thus advance approximately simultaneously with the slide. Fluid exhausting from the other end of cylinder I|1 will escape through check Valve |38 and channel |40 to channel 56. This channel is now connected through ports 58 and 2|| of valve 24, channel 2|2, interconnected ports |91 and |98 of stop valve |50, channel |12 and interconnected ports |13 and |16 of relief Valve |54 to reservoir.

When the work slide has advanced sufciently for the locking plate 4e to clear the end of bell crank 43, as shown in Figure 3, the bell crank will move into locking position, and in so doing will cause the dog to shift the plunger 81 of valve 8% to its right hand position as shown in Figure 7. This will interconnect the pressure port 88 with port 60 whereby fluid will flow through channel 92 .to effect shifting of plunger S5 to its right hand position. This will result in channels 208 and |19 becoming interconnected with ports 203 and |84. Since the port 203 is a. pressure port, fluid will flow to the lower end 2| of ram cylinder i3, causing downward movement thereof while fluid in the upper end of cylinder I3 will exhaust to reservoir through the back pressure relief valve |15.

It will be obvious that the shifting of plunger 85 to the right disconnected pressure port 203 from pressure port 224, thus rendering the low pressure relief valve ineffective during downward movement of the ram.

After the ram completes its breaching stroke, reversing dog 83 will shift vthe trip plunger 05 to the right whereby the pressure port 61 is connected to port 10 and thereby to channel 12 to effect shifting of plunger 53 to the left. When this shift occurs, port 201 is the pressure port due to the position of plunger 85 of valve 62. Port 201 is .thus 'connected to port `|18 through annular groove 2|3 in plunger 63 and the iluid will flow through vchannel v|153 in branch 2|4 thereof to port 2|'5 which is now connected by annular groove 26 in plunger B3 to Vport 58. Thus, fluid will owthrough channel and vpast check valve to the left end of cylinder 36 to effect retraction of the work slide. At the same time the fluid will continue through branch I3I, interconnected ports |32 and I2I, pilot valve |24 'and channel |20 to the right hand end of cylinder ||1 to complete forward movement on the index cylinder. Thus, the breaching ram stops, the slide 28 retracts, while the index cylinder |10 completes its 'forward or ratcheting movement. When the 'slide has returned, a 'dog |26' actuates the pilot Valve |24, shifting it to its right hand position as viewed 'in Figure '7. The port I4| of this, valve is a pressure `port 4at this time due to its connection with channel '56 through channel |349, and Vilui'd pressure will flow through port |23 and channel |22 to effect return movement of the 'indexing cylinder |1, the direction of movement 'being such as to effect indexing of the work supporting table.

The exhaust fluid from cylinder H1 Ywill pass through channel |20, interconnected ports |2| and of valve |24 andthrough thecheck valve |31 into vchannel |36 and vthereby :join the exhaust fluid from the slide cylinder and return |3| of valve 62 which leads to the low pressure relief valve |15. Any uid which may be trapped in the right end of valve cylinder |24 during the shifting of its plunger v|25 to the right will be forced past the check valve 2I1 whereby it will return to reservoir through channel 2I8, interconnected ports 9| and 91 of valve 00 and lines 98 and 10 which lead to reservoir |59.

When the indexing has been completed a dog |42 carried by the index cylinder slide will shift the valve plunger 81 to the left whereby pressure port 88 will be connected to port 9|, causing shifting Vof plunger 25 to the left and admission of fluid pressure to the choke coil 2|9 which is connected in parallel with check valve 2I1 to the end of valve cylinder |24. The fluid pressure leaking through the choke coil will slowly ease the Valve plunger |25 to the left, the spring |29 l incidentally becoming compressed due to the fact. that trip dog |25'l is still in engagement with the plunger |28.

The shifting of plunger 35 to the left also disconnects pressure `from channel 218 whereby the Valve |24 becomes dead and therefore .the plunger |25 may complete its shifting movement without producing any effect. At thesaine time plunger 85 connects pressure port ,2133 to port 204 and thereby through channel ,2:05 and interconnected ports 206 and '25 to theupper .end of the breaching ram cylinder, causing upward movement of the breaching ram.. This .movement continues until the latch dog |43 actuates pilot plunger |44 which admits fluid pressure to port |49 of the stop valve housing, .shifting the plunger |5| to a stop position.

The parts are now Vin 'a starting position. 'If the operator has finished loading the vidle fixture, the next cycle may be immediately started.

Two safety interlock .devices .are provided in connection with the ystarting valve, one of vwhich is effective to shift the valve toa stop position in case of failure of the pilot pressure .produced by pump 69; and the other is 'to prevent reversal of the starting valve during upward :movement of .the ram.

yThe latter device comprises .a stop pin '22.0 which is normally inposition .to engage a shoulder -2'I| on plunger v|51 to determine the stop position thereof as it moves to the right. The stop pin 220 is held i-n its .normal `position by a spring 222 mounted in Ythe housing 223. The plunger has an enlarged piston head 224 which reciprocates in a cylinder 225, 4and the cylinder is connected by channel .225 to pilot line 13, which line is under pressure during downward movement of the broachinglram. Therefore, the stop pin Yis withdrawn automatically .by hydraulic pressure during downward.' movement of the ram whereby the operator lis .enabled to .throw .the Valve plunger I5| to a reverse :position to effect upward movement of theram. 'This .is convenient for set-up purposes -or vin cases .of emergency.

When the plunger |5| lis shifted to its reverse position the following connections are 'established. Port '|63 is connected .by .cannelure T221 to port |83. The fluid will then-continue .through channel |82, interconnected `ports ISI and of valve B2, channel |19, interconnected .ports YI1 and 26 of valve 24 andichanne-l 25 'tothe upper end of the ram cylinder, -causing `upward movement Vof the ram. The return fluid will flow through channel '22, interconnected ports 23 Iand 201-ofvalve 24,'c'hannel' 208, interconnected ports 228 and 263 of valve 62, channel 262, interconnected ports and 229 of valve |50 and channels i72 and |11 to reservoir.

The other safety interlock comprises an interlock plunger 230 which is mounted in the end of the step valve housing |53 as shown in Figure 7 and provided with a piston 23| which is slidably mounted in a cylinder 232. One end of the cylinder is connected by a channel 233 to the delivery line 68 of pilot pump 69 whereby the normal pressure in this line will act to hold the plunger in a retracted position against the compression of a spring 231i. Should the pressure fail for any reason, such as stoppage of the pump,

or a break in any of the lines of the systemf]5 the loaded spring will expand and shift the valve plunger l5| to a stop position. This will insure automatic stoppage of the machine in case of failure of pressure in the pilot control system.

There has thus been provided an improved autcmatic breaching machine having improved automatic work indexing means and an improved control circuit for coordinating the movements of the shiftableand indexible werk supporting structure with the movements of the breaching ram.

What is claimed is:

l. In .a breaching machine having a support, a breaching ram reciprecably mounted on said support, a slide, and guideways on the support for guiding said slide for movement toward and from the ram, the combination of a table retatably mounted on the slide for rotation about )an axis intersecting the longitudinal axis of the guideways, stops positioned on the table at equal distances on opposite sides of aradius of said table, fixed abutments on the support lying in a plane parallel to the plane of reciprocation of the breaching ram, and means to shift the slide and table toward the breaching ram to force the table stops into simultaneous engagement with said abutments whereby the table will be rotated to superimpose said radius in the vertical plane of said guideway axis.

2. In a breaching machine having a support, a breaching ram reciprecably mounted on the support, a slide, and guideways formed on the support for receiving and guiding the slide for movement toward and from the broachingram, the combination of a table rotatably supported en said slide, xed abutments located on the support on opposite sides of the ram and lying in a plane parallel thereto, stops positioned on the table on opposite sides of a radius thereof and equal distances therefrom, means for shifting the slide and table toward the breaching ram and simultaneously effect engagement of said stops with said abutments whereby the table will be positioned with said radius in a predetermined angular relation to the plane of reciprocation of the breaching ram.

3. In a breaching machine having a support, a breaching ram reciprecably mounted on said support, guideways formed on said support perpendicular to the plane of said breaching ram, and a slide mounted on said guideways, the combination of a table rotatably mounted on said slide with its axis of revolution intersecting the longitudinal axis ei said guidew-ays, a pair of stops positioned on said table equally distant from a predetermined radius thereof, xed abutments for said stops located on the support on opposite sides of the breaching ram, and means for shifting said table until the stops are in engagement with the respective abutments whereby said table will be angularly positioned with said radius perpendicular te the plane of the breaching ram.

4. In a breaching machine having a support, a breaching ram reciprecably mounted on said support and a slide guided on said support for movement toward and from the breaching ram, the combination of a table rotatably positioned on said slide having its axis perpendicular to the plane of the slide guideways, a pair of stops 1ocated on the table equi-distant on opposite sides of a predetermined radius thereof, and a pair of abutments en the support for engaging said stops upon advance of the slide toward the breaching ram te rotatably position the table with said radius in a predetermined angular relation to the plane of the breaching ram.

5. In a breaching machine having a breaching ram and a slide movable toward and from said ram, the combination oi a work supporting table indexibly mounted on said slide, clockwise and counterclockwise revolution stops mounted on the table, a support for said ram carrying fixed abutments for engagement by the respective stops upon advancement of said slide, and means to shift the slide and table toward the ram whereby irregular engagement of said steps will cause rotation of the table into a predetermined angular relation with respect to said breaching ram.

6. In a breaching machine having a breaching ram and a slide movable toward and from said ram, the combination of a table supported on said slide for free rotation relative thereto. clockwise and counterclockwise revolution steps mounted on the table, a support for the breaching ram, fixed abutments attached to the support, and means te shift the slide and table toward the ram and engage the stops with the respective abutments, whereby the table will be simultaneously positioned angularly and at a predetermined linear distance from the breaching ram.

7. In a breaching machine having a breaching ram, a slide, and a work supporting table mounted on the slide for free rotation relative thereto, the combination with means for shifting the slide and table toward the breaching ram, of means for positioning the table linearly and angularly with respect to the breaching ram including iixed abutments located on opposite sides of the ram, and clockwise and counterclockwise revolution stops on the table for engaging said 'abutments during advancement of the slide.

8. In a breaching machine having a breaching ram, a slide movable toward and from the ram, a work supporting table indexibly mounted on the slide, the combination of means for reciprocating said slide, a pair of abutments located at opposite sides of the breaching ram, a series of pairs of steps carried by the table, and means to index the table to align a pair of said stops with said abutments whereby upon advancement of the slide the table will be angularly and linearly positioned with respect to the breaching ram.

9. In a breaching machine having a breaching ram, a slide movable toward and from the ram, a Werk supporting table indexibly mounted on the slide, the combination of means for reciprocating said slide, a pair of abutments located at opposite sides of the breaching ram, a series of pairs of steps carried by the table, means te index the table to align a pair oi said stops with said abutments whereby upon advancement of the slide the table will be angularly and linearly positioned with respect to the breaching ram, and means to lock the slide to hold the table against said abut'- ments.

10. In a breaching machine having a reciprocating breaching ram and a work supporting slide, the combination of means for advancing and retracting the slide between strokes of the ram including a piston and cylinder, an indexible table carried by the slide, a pistonand cylinder for indexing the table, means te admit pressure to one end of each cylinder te advance the slide without rotation of the table at the end ofone stroke of the ram, andineans te admit pressure to the other ends of lthe cylinders sequentially to elect return of the slide and subsequent indexing Aof the table at the end of the next stroke of the ram. l

1l. In a breaching machine having a reciprocating ram and a work supporting slide, the combination of means for advancing and retracting the slide between strokes of the ram including a piston and cylinder, an indexible table carried by the slide, a piston and cylinder for indexing the table, a source of iiuid pressure, control means for admitting pressure to one end of each cylinder to advance the slide without rotation of the table at the end of the idle stroke of the ram, and additional control means to effect admission of pressure to the other ends of said cylinders sequentially to eiect return of the slide and subsequent indexing of the table at the end of the cutting stroke of the ram.

12. In a breaching machine having a reciprocating breaching ram and a work supporting-slide, the combination with an indexible table mounted en said slide, of means for advancing and retracting the slide between strokes of the ram including a piston and cylinder for the slide, a second piston and cylinder for indexing the table, means controlled by the ram for admitting pressure to one end of each cylinder to effect advance of the slide without rotation of the table at the lend of the upward stroke of the ram, and additional control means to effect admission of pressure to the other ends of said cylinders sequentially to effect return of the slide and subsequent indexing of the table at the end of the downward stroke of the ram.

13. In a breaching machine having a reciprocating ram and a work supporting slide, the combination of means for shifting the slide after 'each stroke of the ram including a piston and cylinder, an indexible table mounted on the slide, 'a piston and cylinder for indexing the table, means trip operable by the ram at the end of its cutting stroke for causing admission of pressure te one end of the slide cylinder to eiiect retraction of the slide, and means trip operable by the slide for causing admission of fluid pressure to one end of the indexing cylinder to eiect indexing of the table after the slide has returned.

14. In a breaching machine having a reciprocating ram and a work supporting slide, the combination of means for shifting the slide after each stroke of the ram including a piston and cylinder, an indexible table mounted on the slide, a piston and cylinder for indexing the table, means trip operable by the ram at the end of its cutting stroke for causing admission of pressure to one end of the slide cylinder to eiTect retraction of the slide, means trip operable by the slide for causing admission of fluid pressure to one'end of the indexing cylinder to effect indexing of the table after the slide has returned, and means trip operable upon completion of table indexing to effect a'return stroke 0f the breaching ram.

15. In a breaching machine having a reciprocable breaching ram anda work supporting slide, the combination with a work t'able indexibly supported on the slide, of a control circuit for actuating said parts including'va source of fluid pressure, manual control means for coupling said source of pressure to the circuit for initiating movement of the ram, fluid operable means for shifting the slide and table to a cutting position, means trip operable by the rain at the end -of its idle stroke te connect said source of pressure te said fluid oper- I able means, a common means effective for locking the table against rotation and bodily movement in the cutting position, and means trip operable by the slide for starting the ram on its cutting stroke after the table is locked.

16. In a breaching machine having a reciprocable breaching' ram, a werk supporting slide andan indexible table mounted on the slide, the combination of transmission and control means for eiecting an automatic cycle of operation including an indexing shaft supported on the slide in operative connection with the table, a ratchet gear mounted on the shaft, a rack bar reciprocably supported for rotating said gear, independent fluid operable means for shifting the slide and the rack bar respectively, additional uid operable means 4for reciprocating said ram, means trip operable by the ram at the end of its return stroke to connect pressure to said rstnamed fluid operable means to effect advance of the slide without rotation of the table, and means trip operable by the ram at the end of its cutting stroke te eiect yreverse actuation of said fluid operable means sequentially whereby after said slide returns, the rack bar will be vactuated to effect indexing of the table through said ratchet gear.

17. In a breaching machine of the character described having a reciprocable ram, a slide movable toward and from the ram and a work supporting table mounted on the slide, the combination with means for shifting the slide and table as a unit toward the breaching ram, of means for jointly restricting the free inward movement of the slide and rotary movement of the table on the slide including a set of abutment memb'ersdisposed in fixed position as respects the plane of the ram and a set of stop members carried by the table for 'cooperation with the abutments, said stops of a set being disposed at opposite sides of the center of rotation of the table whereby interengagement of the stops and abutments will limit the unitary advance of the slide and table in the direction of the ram and concomitantly determine the angular positioning of the table with respect te the ram.

18. In a breaching machine of the character described having a reciprocable ram, va slide movable Vtoward and lfrom the ram and a work supporting table mounted on the slide, the combination with means for shifting the slide and table as a u'nit toward Ithe breaching ram, of Vmeans for jointly restricting the free inward movement of the slide and rotary movement of the table on the slider including a set of abutment members disposed in fixed position as respects the plane of the ram and a set ef stop members carried by the table for cooperation with the abutments, said stops of a set being disposed at opposite sides of the center of rotation of the table whereby interengagemen't of thestops and abutments will limit the unitary advance of the slide and table in the direction of the ram and 4concomitantlydetermine the angular positioning ofthe table vwith respect to the ram, one or more of said members being adjustable to vary the ultimate position of the slide and table elements with respect to the ram.

19. In a broaching machine of the character described including a reciprocable ram, a slide movable in a direction toward and from the ram, a Work supporting table mounted on the slide for rotation with respect thereto, means for effecting rotational indexing movements of prescribed amount of the table with respect to the slide, abutment members mounted on the machine, and a plurality of sets of stop members mounted on the table and alternately positionable in alignment with the abutments upon indexing of the table, and means for moving the slide and table as a unit in the direction of abutments to an extent limited by the interengagement of the stops and abutments for definite determination of the relationship of the table to the broach.

20. In a broaching machine of the character described including a reciprocable ram, a slide movable in a direction toward and from the ram, a work supporting table mounted on the slide for rotation with respect thereto, means for eiecting rotational indexing movements of prescribed amount of the table With respect to the slide, abutment members mounted on the machine, and a plurality of sets of stop members mounted on the table and alternately positionable in alignment with the abutments upon indexing of the table, means for moving the slide and table as a unit in the direction of abutments to an extent limited by the interengagement of the stops and abutments for denite determination or the relationship of the table to the broach, and means for adjustably positioning the interengageable stop and abutment elements variably to determine said relative positioning.

2l. In a broaching machine of the character described including a reciprocable ram, a slide movable in a direction toward and from the ram, a work supporting table mounted on the slide for rotation with respect thereto, means for eiecting rotational indexing movements of prescribed amount of the table With respect to the slide, abutment members mounted on the machine, and a plurality of sets of stop members mounted on the table and alternately positionable in alignment with the abutments upon indexing of the table, means for moving the slide and table as a unit in the direction of abutments to an extent limited by the interengagement of the stops and abutments for definite determination of the relationship of the table to the broach, means for adjustably positioning the interengageable stop and abutment elements variably to determine said relative positioning, and means for positively locking the parts in said adjusted relationship.

22. A machine of the character described, including a frame, a broach ram reciprocable on the frame, a slide on the frame movable in the direction toward and from the ram, a table rotatably mounted on the slide for presentation of Work in opposition to the ram, a first hydraulic motor including a piston and cylinder having one of said parts coupled with the frame and the other with the slide for eiecting reciprocation of the same, and a second hydraulic motor including a piston and cylinder having one element coupled to the table and the other to the frame for eiecting rotation of the table, a source of hydraulic actuating medium, and means for controlling the coupling of said medium to the respective motors.

23. A machine of the character described, including a frame, a broach ram reciprocable on the frame, a slide on the frame movable in the direction toward and from the ram, a table rotatably mounted on the slide for presentation of work in opposition to the ram, a rst hydraulic motor including a piston and cylinder having one of said parts coupled with the frame and the other with the slide for effecting reciprocation of the same, and a second hydraulic motor including a piston and cylinder having one element coupled to the table and the other to the frame for effecting rotation of the table, a source of hydraulic actuating medium, a rst means for effecting a coupling of the motors in series with said medium, and additional means for effecting coupling of the hydraulic actuating medium in parallel with said hydraulic motors.

24. A machine of the character described, including a frame, a broach ram reciprocable on the frame, a slide on the frame movable in the direction toward and from the ram, la table rotatably mounted on the slide for presentation of Work in opposition to the ram, a rst hydraulic motor including a piston and cylinder having one of said parts coupled with the frame and the other with the slide for effecting reciprocation of the same, and a second hydraulic motor including a piston and cylinder having one element coupled to the table and the other to theframe for effecting rotation of the table, a source of hydraulic actuating medium, a rst means for effecting a'coupling of the motors in series with said medium, additional means for effecting coupling of the hydraulic actuating medium in parallel with said hydraulic motors, and means for eiecting a reversal of pressure in one of said hydraulic motors.

25. A machine of the character described, including a frame, a broach ram reciprocable on the frame, a slide on the frame movable in the direction toward and from the ram, a table rotatably mounted on the slide for presentation of Work in opposition to the ram, a rst hydraulic motor including a piston and cylinder having one of said parts coupled with the frame and the other with the slide for electing reciprocation of the same, and a second hydraulic motor including a piston and cylinder having one element coupled to the table and the other to the frame for effecting rotation of the table, a source of hydraulic actuating medium, a first means for effecting a coupling of the motors in series with said medium, additional means for effecting coupling of the hydraulic actuating medium in parallel with said hydraulic motors, means for electing a reversal of pressure in one of said hydraulic motors, and means for effecting a subsequent reversal of pressure effect as respects the other of said hydraulic motors.

26. In a machine of the character described, the combination with a frame, a ram reciprocable thereon and a slide movable toward and from the ram, of a table rotatably mounted on the slide, a rst hydraulic motor for elrecting movement of the slide in a direction toward and from the ram, and a second hydraulic motor for effecting rotational movements of the table with respect to the slide, and means for controlling the actuation of said motors including a source of hydraulic actuating medium, a first means shiftable t0 couple the medium with the motors for joint unidirectional actuation thereof, means shiftable to maintain unidirectional movement of one of said motors while coupling the medium to effect reversal of the other, and additional means for eiecting sequential reversals of the respective motors.

27. A control mechanism for a machine of the character described which includes a reciprocable ram, a slide movable in a direction toward vand away from the ram, a rotary table on the slide and means for locking the slide and table in operative position with respect to the ram, said control mechanism including a first hydraulic motor individual to the ram, a second hydraulic motor individual to the table, and an additional hydraulic motor jointly effective as respects the slide and the locking means, a source of hydraulic pressure for supply of actuating medium to the several motors, means actuable to couple the hydraulic pressure to the slide motor for electing a movement of the slide and locking member, means actuable on a prescribed movement of said parts for coupling the hydraulic medium to the ram motor for initiating operation thereof, means actuable by the ram motor for eecting reversal of the slide motor, means actuable by the slide motor for effecting coupling of the hydraulic medium for actuation of the table motor, and means actuable by the table motor for effecting coupling of the hydraulic medium to reverse the ram motor.

28. A control mechanism for a machine of the character described which includes a reciprocable ram, a slide movable in a direction toward and away from the ram, a rotary table on the slide and means for locking the slide and table in operative position with respect to the ram, said control mechanism including a first hydraulic motor individual to the ram, a second hydraulic motor individual to the table, and an additional hydraulic motor jointly effective as respects the slide and the locking means, a source of hydraulic pressure for supply of actuating medium to the several motors, means actuable to couple the hydraulic pressure to the slide motor for effecting a movement of the slide and locking member, means actuable on a prescribed movement of said parts for coupling the hydraulic medium to the ram motor for initiating operation thereof, means actuable by the ram motor for electing reversal of the slide motor, means actuable by the slide motor for eiecting coupling of the hydraulic medium for actuation of the table motor, means actuable by the table motor for effecting coupling of the hydraulic medium to reverse the motor, and means movable with the ram for interrupting the actuation of the several motors.

AMOS H. HAWLEY, SR. EDGAR D. VANCIL. 

